You can resolve many problems with your Kindle, quickly and easily without consulting the Kindle manual, however if stuck the Kindle Manual is your savior.

From the Kindle manual:

Problem: My Kindle won’t turn on/My Kindle is unresponsive or appears frozen.

Answer:

Recharge your Kindle using the power adapter that came with the device and plug it into an AC outlet. Make sure that the charging light next to the micro-USB port lights up while you are charging. Allow the device to be charged in this manner for at least 30 minutes.
Slide and release the power switch. If your Kindle does not turn on then try resetting it by doing the following:
1. Disconnect your Kindle from any power source.
2. Slide and hold the power switch for 15 seconds, then release.
Note that the screen will be blank for about 30 seconds while your Kindle restarts.

Problem: My wireless isn’t working.

Answer:

First try turning wireless off then back on. To turn wireless off, press Menu. Choose “Turn Wireless Off.” Repeat these steps and choose “Turn Wireless On.”
If turning wireless off then back on doesn’t work, then try restarting your Kindle by doing
the following:
1. Press the Home button.
2. Press the Menu button.
3. Select “Settings.”
4. Press the Menu button.
5. Select “Restart.” It is in the Kindle Manual.

Problem: I’m unable to download a book even though I see strong wireless signal strength.

Answer:

Try restarting your Kindle by doing the following:
1. Press the Home button.
2. Press the Menu button.
3. Select “Settings.”
4. Press the Menu button.
5. Select “Restart.”

Problem: I only received a partial download of my Kindle content, or my Kindle content seems to be corrupted.

Answer:

Delete the content and re-download from Archived Items by following these steps:
1. Use the 5-way controller to select the content from Home.
2. Press the left arrow on the 5-way to delete and press the 5-way to confirm.
3. Open Archived Items in Home and select the content.
4. Press the 5-way to re-download the content.

Problem: I’m having problems transferring content from my computer to my Kindle.

Answer:

Try connecting your Kindle directly to your computer’s USB port instead of a USB hub or
keyboard. If your Kindle was already connected directly to your computer’s USB port, then try a different port on your computer. If you have anti-virus software installed on your computer, turn it off temporarily prior to transferring content from your computer to your Kindle.

Problem: Text-to-speech sounds distorted.

Answer:

Try switching between male and female voices and then back again. If that does not resolve the issue then try restarting your Kindle by doing the following:
1. Press the Home button.
2. Press the Menu button.
3. Select “Settings.”
4. Press the Menu button.
5. Select “Restart.”
If that does not solve the issue, play an MP3 or Audible file on your Kindle using the device’s built-in speakers. If the audio still sounds distorted, contact Customer Service.
For instructions on downloading an MP3 or Audible file, see “Transferring MP3s” in Chapter 8 of the manual.

Problem: My Kindle doesn’t charge when using the power adapter.

Answer:

Check to see if the charging light next to your Kindle’s micro-USB port is lit. If not, then try another AC outlet. If the charging light still does not come on, then try restarting your Kindle by doing the following:
1. Press the Home button.
2. Press the Menu button.
3. Select “Settings.”
4. Press the Menu button.
5. Select “Restart.”

Problem: I can’t open any of my books and receive an error message instead.

Answer:

Try restarting your Kindle by doing the following:
1. Press the Home button.
2. Press the Menu button.
3. Select “Settings.”
4. Press the Menu button.
5. Select “Restart.”
If restarting your Kindle does not resolve the issue, then try doing a factory reset of your Kindle. Prior to doing so, back up any personal documents, periodical issues older than the past seven issues that you’d like to keep, MP3, and Audible files. To do a factory reset:
1. Press the Home button.
2. Press the Menu button.
3. Select “Settings.”
4. Press the Menu button.
5. Select “Reset to Factory Defaults.”
6. After your Kindle restarts, go to Archived Items in Home and re-download the items you’d like to read. Transfer back the personal documents and other files you had previously backed up.

Problem: I can’t create or share annotations or receive new content.

Answer:

This issue can typically be resolved by deleting some content to create more free space on your Kindle. Deleting audiobooks will typically free up the most disk space. Make sure you have backup copies of any personal documents, periodical issues older than the past seven issues that you’d like to keep, MP3, and Audible files before deleting them from your Kindle.
To check the amount of free space on your Kindle, do the following:
1. Press the Home button.
2. Press the Menu button. The amount of free space is displayed in the upper left corner of the screen. If you have less than 500 KB of free space, delete some content from your Kindle.
To delete content from your Kindle, follow these steps:
1. Press the Home button.
2. Use the 5-way controller to select an item you want to delete.
3. Press the left arrow on the 5-way to delete and press the 5-way to confirm.

Problem: None of my problems are listed above. What should I do?

Answer:

Many issues can be resolved by restarting your Kindle without consulting the Kindle manual. Try the following:
1. Press the Home button.
2. Press the Menu button.
3. Select “Settings.”
4. Press the Menu button.
5. Select “Restart.”

If your Kindle is still unresponsive, then try resetting it by doing the following:
1. Disconnect your Kindle from any power source.
2. Slide and hold the power switch for 15 seconds before releasing.
Note that the screen will be blank for approximately 30 seconds while your Kindle restarts.

Kindle Manual Links

The Kindle manual is available from Amazon.

Kindle Manual

Kindle Manual Quick Start Guide

The Kindle manual quick start guide is also available from Amazon.

Kindle Manual

You will be blown away by the new Kindle Color and here is why: It is all in the ink. You see not inks are created equal. Amazon chooses the best available rather than one that will just do the job. This will mean a better user experience and a longer life span of the product. Eventually all Kindle users will migrate to the new Kindle Color model.

Kindle Page

Kindle Color Books

The new Kindle Color will be great for all illustrated books especially children’s books. Kindle is a great place to find classic children’s books and stories. Search the Kindle Page above for titles you remember and new releases. Children are naturally curious, so the Kindle Color captures their interest easily making it a cinch to get them to read.

From Amazon Kindle store about inks and screens:

E Ink 101: Compare Kindle’s Screen to Traditional LCDs
Not All E Ink is the Same – Kindle Uses “Pearl”, the Latest Generation E Ink for 50% Better Contrast

When considering an ereader, you should ensure that you are getting a device with the latest generation E Ink technology, referred to as “Pearl”. Our all-new Kindle uses Pearl, resulting in the best reading experience possible with 50% better contrast and the sharpest text.

PopSci.com named our Pearl display a “Best of What’s New 2010″ winner stating, “The newest Kindle’s most impressive achievement (among others, including a reduced size and a slashed price) is its E Ink Pearl screen, which is just an absolute pleasure to behold.”
How Electronic Ink Works

Electronic ink screens work using ink, just like books and newspapers, but display the ink particles electronically. People who see the display for the first time do a double take because the screen looks like real paper.
No Eye Strain – Reads Like Real Paper, Not a Computer Screen

Kindle’s electronic ink display is ideal for reading because it does not create the same eyestrain as reading on traditional backlit LCD tablets or laptops.
Clearer Text and the Sharpest Display

Electronic ink uses actual ink to create crisp, print-like text similar to what you see in a physical book. Kindle’s proprietary, hand-built fonts take advantage of the special characteristics of the ink to make letters clear and sharp.
No Glare, Even in Bright Sunlight

Kindle’s screen reflects light like ordinary paper, eliminating the glare created by backlit LCD displays on tablets or smart phones. Kindle can be read as easily in bright sunlight as in your living room.
Longer Battery Life

Electronic ink screens require no power to maintain a page of text, allowing you to read for up to a month on a single charge versus hours on a tablet or smart phone. This low power consumption also means that Kindle, unlike a laptop, never gets warm so you can comfortably read as long as you like.
Read Before Bed Without Affecting Sleep

According to a recent article in the Los Angeles Times, sleep experts say that reading on closely-held backlit screens before bed inhibits melatonin production, which is critical for a good night’s sleep. “The take-home lesson is that insomnia and electronic gadgets emitting light should not [be] mixed before bedtime…Kindle is better for your sleep.”
Why is E Ink Easier on the Eyes than LCD?

Here are some of the technical reasons:

Ambient brightness: Every time your eye switches from a bright screen (like LCD) to the dimmer ambient room, your eyes adjust which may result in fatigue. With E Ink, the page is the same brightness as everything else in the room so there’s no adjustment needed.
No parallax: Parallax is the apparent displacement of an observed object due to a change in the position of the observer. Text on an E Ink screen does not appear to shift at different viewing angles.
Less glare: All E Ink surfaces are treated to be matte like a printed page. Most LCDs are not, which creates glare and decreases legibility.
Uniform contrast ratio: The contrast ratio of an LCD varies detectably with viewing angle. E Ink’s contrast is uniform, so you can read comfortably at any angle.
No aperture ratio loss: LCDs have tiny black gaps between each pixel, but E Ink screens have 100% aperture ratio. The blacks and whites on an E Ink screen are uniform, improving image quality.

Kindle Color Coming Soon or Already Here

The Kindle Color prototypes proved very popular with the beta testers. Most were blown away by the LCD screen quality and readability. The kindle color promises to be the ultimate ereader for those not overly interested in the apple suite of products.